Ingqele yokunyathela okubandayo: izizathu ezichaphazela ubomi besifa kunye namanyathelo okuphucula ubomi bokubumbana!

2021/07/06


Ukuphucula umgangatho wokungunda, kufuneka kukhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye inkqubo yonyango ehambelana nobushushu kunye netekhnoloji yokulungisa izinto ezahlukeneyo inokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwemveliso kunye nobomi benkonzo yokubumba kunye nokuphepha ukusilela kokubumba. Ngokusekwe koku, eli nqaku lihlalutya ikakhulu izinto ezichaphazela ubomi besitampu esibandayo kunye namanyathelo okuphucula ubomi.

 

 

1. Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazela ubomi bengqeleUkunyathela die

 

Kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho olukhawulezileyo namhlanje, ukubanda okunyangayo okubanda kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yobuninzi bamalungu oomatshini ngamashishini. Kwangelo xesha, ukuze ufumane esona sibonelelo sikhulu, iinkampani ngokubanzi zinika ingqalelo ngakumbi kubomi benkonzo yokunyathela ukubanda. Ukuya

1.1. Ukunyathela inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye noyilo lokungunda

Kwimveliso yokwenyani, izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umsebenzi wokubumba ngumgangatho womgangatho ombi wezinto zokunyathela, ukunyamezelana okukhulu, iipropathi zezinto ezingazinzanga, kunye nobumdaka phezu komhlaba, obuya kukhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ukunxiba ukungunda. Ekuzobeni umzobo, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zichaphazela ubungakanani bokufa kwenqindi kunye nenqanaba lotyekelo lokunamathela kukukwazi ukwenza, ukutyeba, kunye nomgangatho wobume bezinto eziza kutsalwa. Kwimveliso yokubumba yemveliso, kuba isikhunta esihlanganisiweyo siya kuba neekona ezixineneyo kunye ne-convex, iya kubangela imeko yoxinzelelo yoxinzelelo kwaye ibangele ukuba ukungunda kuqhume. Ukongeza, imilo kunye nefiladi yereyithi yomngundo kunye ne-convex mold inefuthe elikhulu ekunxibeni komngundo. Umzekelo, ekubunjweni komzobo nge-radius encinci encinci, iya kukonyusa ukunganyangeki kokuhamba kwebillet, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo yonyuse amandla omlozwano wokwenza umngundo unxibe okanye uphule inqindi. Ukuya

 

 

1.2 izinto zomngundo

(1) Izinto zomngundo zichaphazela ubomi bokungunda

Izinto zokubumba zinempembelelo enkulu kubomi bokungunda. Iimpawu eziphathekayo zokubumba zichaphazela kakhulu ubomi bokubumba. Umzekelo, ukuba isinyithi seCr12MoV sisetyenzisiwe kwimveliso yokuzoba iyafa, iyathanda ukubamba kunye nokulala, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi seGT35 kunzima. Imveliso ingxubevange nga ukunciphisa kakhulu utyekelo nokuhlutha nokwandisa ubomi inkonzo ukungunda.

 

 

(2) Ubulukhuni ukusebenza ukungunda kuchaphazela ubomi ukungunda

Ukwanda kobunzima bokungunda ikakhulu kubhekisa kumandla oxineneyo, ukunxiba ukuxhathisa kunye nokuthimba ukuxhathisa kwesinyithi sokubumba, kodwa kunciphisa ukungqinelana kwesikhunta, ukubanda kunye nokudinwa kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kokugaya. Kuqheliso lwemveliso kunye nobomi, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokungaphumeleli kukuba ubunzima buphezulu kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba isikhunta siqhekeze, kwaye isixa esincinci kakhulu sokumila kunye nokunxiba kuya kubakho.

(3) Umgangatho we-metallurgical yezinto zokubumba zichaphazela ubomi bokungunda

Umgangatho we-metallurgical yezinto zokubumba zichaphazela ngokukodwa ezo zixhobo zokubumba kunye namacandelo amakhulu kunye aphakathi kunye ne-mold steels ene-carbon ephezulu kunye nezinto ezixubileyo. Ukusebenza okwenyani kukufana okungafaniyo nesinyithi, ukwahlulwa kwe-carbide, ukukhululeka, njl njl. , Kulula ukubangela ukuqhekeka kokucima ukungunda kunye nomonakalo wokuqala wokubumba.

 

 

1.3. Inkqubo ubushushu unyango ngumngundo

Unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu, ukukhululeka koxinzelelo emva koomatshini abarhabaxa, ukucima kunye nokushisa, ukukhululeka koxinzelelo emva kokugaya okanye ukuhambisa umbane, njl njl. Umgangatho wokunyanga ubushushu wokubumba unegalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwenkonzo yokubumba. Inani elikhulu lezibakala zibonakalisile ukuba inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu ehlwempuzekileyo inokukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekucimeni nasekuqhekekeni kwesixhobo sokubumba kunye nokwaphuka kwangoko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

 

 

1.4. Technology ulwenziwo zomngundo

Ukusika, ukugaya kunye ne-EDM ziindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwenza isikhunta. Ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukumelana nokwaphuka, kunye namandla okubumba kuyachaphazeleka. Ukuba indlela yokwenza ayilunganga, umgangatho wokuqhubekeka uqhelekile kwiingxaki.

 

 

 

(1) Impembelelo lokusila

Ukulungiswa okungalunganga kokugaya kuya kubangela amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokwaphuka komngundo ukuba kunciphe ngenxa yokugaya ukutsha kunye nokugaya iintanda.

(2) Impembelelo ye-EDM

I-EDM engachanekanga iya kunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka kwesikhunta. Esona sizathu siphambili sale nto kukuba i-EDM iya kuvelisa i-EDM etshisayo, enoxinzelelo olukhulu lokuqina, kwaye xa ubukhulu bukhulu, kuya kuvela ii-microcracks.

 

 

2. Amanyathelo okuphucula ubomi beukunyathela okubandayo kuyafa

 

Ngohlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazela ubomi obubandayo bokufa, kunokubonakala ukuba zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ubomi bokufa. Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi xa kuyilwa isikhunta, ukuze kuyilwe ukungunda okunoqoqosho ngakumbi nangokufanelekileyo. Ukulungiselela ukunyathela okhethekileyo okubandayo kuyasweleka, kufuneka idibanise iimfuno zayo zokuyila izibumba ezinoqoqosho nezisebenzayo.

2.1, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezinto zokubumba

Imeko yokusebenza kwenqindi imbi kakhulu kunaleyo yokubumba kwabasetyhini, kwaye izinto zepunch zingcono kunaleyo yokubumba kwabasetyhini. Xa kugqitywa kungagqitywa, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kukhetho lwezixhobo zokubumba ezinamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuhle, kunye nokuqina okuhle.

2.2. Iyaqiqauyinyathela ebandayo uyilo die ulwakhiwo luyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yabantu abaswelekileyo

Ubomi benkonzo yokunyathela kubanda kusweleka kunolwalamano olukhulu noyilo olusengqiqweni lolwakhiwo. Ekuqaleni koyilo, ezinye iimfuno zoyilo zokubanda okubandayo ziyaqinisekiswa. Ukuqina, ukuqina kunye namandla okufa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-convex, i-concave kunye nezinye izinto eziswelekileyo ngexesha lokuvalwa kwenkqubo yokubanda ebandayo ayizukukhubazeka, yonakaliswe okanye inyuse ukonakala ngenxa yempembelelo ye amandla angenanto. Uyilo lwesikhunta kufuneka sisebenzise uyilo lokungunda olukhokelweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye isithuba soyilo lokungunda kufuneka siqwalaselwe. Ukuba umsantsa uyilo mncinci kakhulu okanye mkhulu kakhulu, uya kunyusa umgangatho wokunxiba kwe-convex kunye ne-concave molds, eya kuthi ikhokelele ekonakaleni komngundo kunye nasekunciphiseni ubomi benkonzo.

 

 

2.3. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubumba ngokufanelekileyo

Kwinkqubo yokunyathela, isihloko esibandayo esingenanto kufuneka senziwe nge-phosphated okanye nge-copper-plated ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhathisa xa kusenziwa umsebenzi kunye nokuthintela ukunamathela kokubumba. Ke ngoko, ipleyiti yesinyithi kufuneka yenziwe kwangaphambili ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusebenza kwezinto ngaphambi kokubanda. Ukunciphisa amathuba iintanda kunye nokwandisa ubomi ukungunda. I-lubrication ngexesha lokubanda kwesihloko nayo iyindlela elungileyo. Ukuthambisa ajikeleze Good ngokucacileyo ukwandisa umphezulu umphezulu yesinyithi sheet, ukunciphisa ukumelana ukukhuhlana, ukunciphisa banxibe, kwaye wandise ubomi inkonzo ukungunda. Xa iindawo ezibandayo zentloko ezinemilo entsonkothileyo, i-lubrication iba ngcono nangakumbi. Ibalulekile. Ukuya

Xa ukungunda kugcinwa, kukho umsantsa othile ekufuneka ugcinwe phakathi komngundo ongaphezulu nowezantsi ukukhusela isondo kumonakalo. Xa kubethwa, ukubetha kwenqindi kwisikhunta se-concave kufuneka kulawulwe kakuhle ukunqanda ukunxiba okukhohlakeleyo. Kwindlela yokunyathela, emva kokubetha ngenqindi kunye nokunyathela kangangexesha elithile, umda we-concave kunye ne-convex die uya kuguga kwaye uphele. Ukuba ukungunda lilungiswe ngeli xesha, oko akuyi kuphela ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa ingxabano kunye nokuthintela iintanda okubangelwa amanqaku banxibe groove, kodwa kwakhona ukuthintela umzuzu ukugoba ezongezelelweyo okubangelwa umsantsa olungalinganiyo phakathi die kunye inqindi emva banxibe, kwaye wandise ukusetyenziswa ukungunda. ubomi. Emva kokuba imiphetho ukusika concave kunye zexa zonke ekubunjweni ngumhlaba kwakhona, umsantsa phakathi kwemiphetho ahlabayo iya kuba engalinganiyo ngakumbi. Ngeli xesha, umda wokusika kufuneka ucutshungulwe ngononophelo kwaye upolishiwe ngelitye leoyile elicolekileyo ukuze kususwe imingxunya yokugaya. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso loburhabaxa kufuneka lifike eRa0.10μm, ukwenzela ukuphelisa ingozi efihliweyo yokunxiba komphetho kunye ne-convex kufa kwangoko.

 

 

2.4Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthambisa

Ukuthambisa ajikeleze elungileyo kunokuthintela ngumngundo ukusuka umhlwa, ukunciphisa ubushushu ukukhuhlana, ukukhuhlana, kunye namandla ngenqindi, ukunciphisa banxibe ngumngundo, kwaye yandisa ubomi ngumngundo. Umzekelo, xa ubetha i-silicon yentsimbi kwiziguquli, ukuba i-lubrication ilungile, ubomi besikhunta bu malunga namaxesha ali-15 obumba kunye nokuthambisa okungalunganga. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwezinto zokuthambisa kunokwandisa ubomi besikhunta.

 

2.5, ukwenziwa kunye nomgangatho webandla wokunyathela kubanda kuyafa

Ubomi benkonzo yokufa okubandayo ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthe ngqo kukuchaneka kokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Ukuphakama kokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho, kokukhona kukuphila ixesha elide. Kwinkqubo yokufakwa kwesikhunta, kufuneka silawule ngokungqongqo umsantsa phakathi kokubumba kwendoda kunye nokubumba komfazi ukunciphisa ukunxiba.

2.6. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwaukunyathela okubandayo kuyafa

Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lunokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi benkonzo yokubumba. Kwangelo xesha, ukunciphisa ukonakala, kungafakwa izinto zokuthambisa ezifanelekileyo kwiphepha eligximfiziweyo, kwaye ukungunda kufuneka kutywinwe kwaye kugcinwe xa kungasetyenziswa, kwaye kukhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo.

 

 

Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha beshishini lwanamhlanje, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zorhwebo kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, ukukhuhlana okuphezulu kunye nendawo yokusebenza enesiphene kunesidingo esandayo sezinto zokusebenza eziphezulu. Ukufa kokunyathela okubandayo kunenzuzo eyodwa kwimveliso ephezulu, ngenxa yoko bayathandwa kakhulu ngamashishini. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yokusebenza yokubanda okubandayo ifa imbi kakhulu, ke ngoko kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zomsebenzi wokunyathela kubanda kufa. Ukubumba kufuneka kube phezulu kwinkqubo yemveliso. Ubomi, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ixabiso lezoqoqosho lokuqhubekeka kwemveliso kunye nezibonelelo zoqoqosho ngokulungiswa kwemveliso kumiselwe bubomi benkonzo yokunyathela kubanda kuyafa. Ubomi benkonzo yokufa kokunyathela okubandayo sisikhombisi esiphambili sokulinganisa iqondo lokunyathela ukubanda lokuvelisa kwilizwe.